1 00:00:04,870 --> 00:00:05,870 [MUSIC] 2 00:00:05,870 --> 00:00:10,420 WELCOME TO EARTH EXPEDITIONS- AN IN DEPTH LOOK AT HOW NASA STUDIES EARTH, BEYOND SATELLITES. 3 00:00:10,420 --> 00:00:15,280 THE VIEW FROM SPACE GIVES US A GLOBAL PICTURE, BUT WE GO CLOSER TO THE GROUND TO GET A GRANULAR 4 00:00:15,280 --> 00:00:21,650 VIEW OF WHAT’S GOING ON BY USING SHIPS, AIRCRAFT, GROUND STATIONS AND OUR OWN EYES. 5 00:00:21,650 --> 00:00:24,300 WE CALL THESE CLOSER LOOKS “FIELD CAMPAIGNS”. 6 00:00:24,300 --> 00:00:27,489 NASA HAS A LONG HISTORY OF FIELD CAMPAIGNS. 7 00:00:27,489 --> 00:00:31,810 JUST IN THE PAST MONTHS, NASA SCIENTISTS HAVE BEEN ALL OVER THE WORLD—FROM THE GLACIERS 8 00:00:31,810 --> 00:00:36,149 IN GREENLAND TO THE FORESTS OF SOUTH KOREA, TO THE CRASHING WAVES OF THE NORTH ATLANTIC. 9 00:00:36,149 --> 00:00:40,460 WE’RE GETTING THE DATA THAT IS REVEALING THE SECRETS ABOUT OUR CHANGING PLANET. 10 00:00:40,460 --> 00:00:41,460 ALOHA! 11 00:00:41,460 --> 00:00:43,429 AND WELCOME BACK TO NASA’S EARTH EXPEDITIONS. 12 00:00:43,429 --> 00:00:47,379 TODAY WE’RE GOING TO HAWAII TO STUDY ONE OF THE MOST DYNAMIC AND EXCITING PARTS OF 13 00:00:47,379 --> 00:00:49,210 THE EARTH SYSTEM, CORAL REEFS. 14 00:00:49,210 --> 00:00:52,440 THEY’RE A SOURCE FOR FOOD, MEDICAL ADVANCES, TOURISM. 15 00:00:52,440 --> 00:00:55,230 AND THEY’RE AMAZING—HARD CORALS HAVE ACTUALLY OUTLIVED DINOSAURS! 16 00:00:55,230 --> 00:00:59,839 IF YOU SEARCH ONLINE FOR “CORAL REEF IMAGES” YOU PROBABLY THINK WE KNOW A LOT ABOUT THEM. 17 00:00:59,839 --> 00:01:04,750 WE SIMPLE DON’T HAVE ENOUGH DATA TO UNDERSTAND WHICH IMPACTS TO THE REEF ARE THE MOST DAMAGING. 18 00:01:04,750 --> 00:01:08,810 AND THAT MAKES IT IMPOSSIBLE TO FIGURE OUT HOW REEFS ARE GOING TO CHANGE IN THE FUTURE. 19 00:01:08,810 --> 00:01:13,210 SO THAT’S WHY WE’RE SENDING OUT NASA’S MISSION APPROPRIATELY NAMED CORAL, THE CORAL 20 00:01:13,210 --> 00:01:15,280 REEF AIRBORNE LABORATORY. 21 00:01:15,280 --> 00:01:18,580 CORAL WILL LOOK AT HOW REEFS ARE RESPONDING TO OUR CHANGE GOING ON IN OUR OCEANS RIGHT 22 00:01:18,580 --> 00:01:19,580 NOW. 23 00:01:19,580 --> 00:01:21,740 WITH TEAMS HIGH IN THE AIR AND DIVERS DOWN IN THE OCEAN. 24 00:01:21,740 --> 00:01:25,340 TO LEARN MORE, LET’S HEAR FROM MICHELLE IN HAWAII. 25 00:01:25,340 --> 00:01:26,620 [MUSIC] 26 00:01:26,620 --> 00:01:29,180 HEY EVERYBODY. 27 00:01:29,180 --> 00:01:32,550 MY NAME IS MICHELLE GIERACH, AND I AM THE PROJECT SCIENTIST FOR THE CORAL REEF AIRBORNE 28 00:01:32,550 --> 00:01:34,730 LABORATORY, OR CORAL MISSION. 29 00:01:34,730 --> 00:01:39,170 RIGHT NOW WE ARE AT AIR SERVICE HAWAII WITH THE HEART AND SOUL OF THE CORAL MISSION WHICH 30 00:01:39,170 --> 00:01:42,850 IS THE TEMPUS SUPPLIED SOLUTIONS GULF STREAM IV, OR G4. 31 00:01:42,850 --> 00:01:48,290 WHAT MAKES THIS AIRCRAFT SO IMPORTANT TO CORAL IS WHAT IT HAS WITHIN, INSIDE THE PLANE. 32 00:01:48,290 --> 00:01:53,290 IT IS THE PORTABLE REMOTE IMAGING SPECTROMETER, OR PRISM INSTRUMENT, AND IT SEES THROUGH THE 33 00:01:53,290 --> 00:01:59,780 BOTTOM OF THE PLANE TO ASSES CORAL REEF CONDITION AT 28,000 FEET ABOVE THE OCEAN SURFACE. 34 00:01:59,780 --> 00:02:06,360 WE ARE IN HAWAII AS PART OF, ONE OF OUR FIELD CAMPAIGNS, SPECIFICALLY OUR OPERATIONAL READINESS 35 00:02:06,360 --> 00:02:11,319 TEST IN WHICH WE HAVE AN IN-WATER TEAM IN KANEOHE BAY TAKING OBSERVATIONS. 36 00:02:11,319 --> 00:02:16,099 WE’LL HAVE THE G4 FLYING OVER COLLECTING OBSERVATIONS. 37 00:02:16,099 --> 00:02:20,709 THE TWO TOGETHER PROVIDES AN INDICATION OF WHAT THE CORAL REEF CONDITION IS WITHIN KANEOHE 38 00:02:20,709 --> 00:02:21,709 BAY. 39 00:02:21,709 --> 00:02:27,219 AND THIS IS, SORT OF THE NEXUS OF CORAL - THE IN-WATER WITH THE AIRCRAFT TO GIVE A BETTER 40 00:02:27,219 --> 00:02:31,629 UNDERSTANDING OF WHAT ARE OUR CORAL REEFS CURRENTLY UNDERGOING, AND HOW WILL THEY CHANGE 41 00:02:31,629 --> 00:02:33,140 IN RESPECT TO CLIMATE. 42 00:02:33,140 --> 00:02:34,140 [SWOOSH] 43 00:02:34,140 --> 00:02:38,459 SO THIS MISSION IS GOING TO HELP US UNDERSTAND CORALS A LOT BETTER THAN WE KNOW RIGHT NOW 44 00:02:38,459 --> 00:02:42,450 YEAH AND I THINK SOMETHING PEOPLE NEED TO REALIZE IS THAT THOSE CORALS ARE DYNAMIC FEATURES 45 00:02:42,450 --> 00:02:46,819 YOU KNOW THEY CAN LIKE SHRINK AND GROW JUST A NATURAL THINGS, THE FORCE THINGS HAPPENING 46 00:02:46,819 --> 00:02:50,512 IN CLIMATE RIGHT NOW THEY'RE CAUSING MASSIVE CHANGES AND WE NEED TO UNDERSTAND WE NEED 47 00:02:50,512 --> 00:02:53,909 TO UNDERSTAND HOW THEY ARE CONNECTING UP TO THE CORALS AND THAT’S WHY THE CORAL MISSION 48 00:02:53,909 --> 00:02:54,909 IS SO IMPORTANT. 49 00:02:54,909 --> 00:02:57,620 YEAH IT’S VERY UNEXPECTED SO EARLIER WE ACTUALLY DID ANOTHER MISSION OCEAN MELTING 50 00:02:57,620 --> 00:02:59,620 GREENLAND TO MEASURE GLACIERS. 51 00:02:59,620 --> 00:03:03,840 SO HOW IS CORAL AND THESE GLACIERS IN GREENLAND SIMILAR? 52 00:03:03,840 --> 00:03:07,430 YEAH SO YOU THINK ABOUT IT THE OCEAN IS ONE OF THE MOST POWERFUL COMPONENTS OF THE EARTH 53 00:03:07,430 --> 00:03:12,239 SYSTEM IT STORES A LOT OF HEAT AND IN THE CASE OF OCEANS MELTING GREENLAND OR EVEN UNDERSTANDING 54 00:03:12,239 --> 00:03:16,439 THE REEFS WE’RE DOING A COMBINATION OF THINGS, WE GOT THESE SATELLITES GOING ACROSS THE SKY 55 00:03:16,439 --> 00:03:21,279 YOU KNOW TAKING PICTURES LOOKING DOWN AND THEN WE HAVE OUR AIRPLANES YOU KNOW THE AIRPLANES 56 00:03:21,279 --> 00:03:25,049 GOING ACROSS AT THE LOWER LEVEL AND THEY’RE DOING THINGS LIKE IN OCEAN MELTING GREENLAND 57 00:03:25,049 --> 00:03:29,519 YOU'RE ACTUALLY DROPPING LITTLE SENSORS INTO THE OCEAN THAT ACTUALLY PUT A STRING OUT TO 58 00:03:29,519 --> 00:03:33,409 UNDERSTAND THE TEMPERATURE AND THE COMPOSITION BUT THEN FOR ALL THESE MISSIONS TOO WE PUT 59 00:03:33,409 --> 00:03:39,219 PEOPLE RIGHT DOWN IN THE WATER IN BOATS WE PUT PEOPLE OVER THE SIDE AND ALL THIS STUFF 60 00:03:39,219 --> 00:03:42,780 HAS TO COME IN CONCERT TO HELP US REALLY UNDERSTAND THE EARTH SYSTEM. 61 00:03:42,780 --> 00:03:43,780 RIGHT, RIGHT. 62 00:03:43,780 --> 00:03:47,469 EVEN COMPUTER MODELS AT THE END OF THE DAY WHICH IS WHAT WE PUT THIS INTO 63 00:03:47,469 --> 00:03:52,969 SO SAY YOU’RE YOUNG PERSON IN HIGH SCHOOL OR COLLEGE, AND YOU WANT TO LEARN HOW TO BE 64 00:03:52,969 --> 00:03:54,569 A SCIENTIST INVOLVED WITH THESE MISSIONS? 65 00:03:54,569 --> 00:03:56,219 HOW DOES NASA HELP? 66 00:03:56,219 --> 00:03:58,370 NASA IS ALL ABOUT STEM EDUCATION. 67 00:03:58,370 --> 00:04:03,219 SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS ARE THE BASIS FOR WHAT NASA DOES, SO WE HAVE 68 00:04:03,219 --> 00:04:07,299 PROGRAMS LIKE THE NASA STUDENT AIRBORNE RESEARCH PROGRAM THAT HELP GET THE CAREER BALL ROLLING. 69 00:04:07,299 --> 00:04:11,730 LET’S HEAR FROM EMILY, OUT AT NASA’S ARMSTRONG FLIGHT RESEARCH CENTER IN PALMDALE, CALIFORNIA 70 00:04:11,730 --> 00:04:12,730 FOR MORE DETAILS. 71 00:04:12,730 --> 00:04:14,860 [MUSIC] HI, I’M EMILY SCHALLER, AND I’M THE PROJECT 72 00:04:14,860 --> 00:04:19,400 MANAGER FOR A NASA SUMMER INTERNSHIP CALLED THE STUDENT AIRBORNE RESEARCH PROGRAM, OR 73 00:04:19,400 --> 00:04:20,400 NASA SARP. 74 00:04:20,400 --> 00:04:24,520 I’M HERE AT NASA ARMSTRONG FLIGHT RESEARCH CENTER IN PALMDALE, CALIFORNIA. 75 00:04:24,520 --> 00:04:29,410 AS YOU CAN SEE, THIS IS A MASSIVE HANGAR FOR NASA’S FLYING LABORATORIES, INCLUDING THIS 76 00:04:29,410 --> 00:04:34,230 PLANE, THE DC-8, WHICH IS USED FOR EARTH SCIENCE RESEARCH ALL OVER THE WORLD. 77 00:04:34,230 --> 00:04:37,860 THIRTY-TWO STUDENTS FROM THIRTY-TWO DIFFERENT COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES FROM ACROSS THE 78 00:04:37,860 --> 00:04:42,699 UNITED STATES JUST FLEW ONBOARD THE DC-8 OVER SOUTHERN AND CENTRAL CALIFORNIA. 79 00:04:42,699 --> 00:04:45,180 SARP IS AN OPPORTUNITY OF A LIFETIME. 80 00:04:45,180 --> 00:04:49,960 STUDENTS GET AN END-TO-END, HANDS-ON RESEARCH EXPERIENCE IN ALL ASPECTS OF AN AIRBORNE EARTH 81 00:04:49,960 --> 00:04:50,960 SCIENCE CAMPAIGN. 82 00:04:50,960 --> 00:04:56,599 THEY HAVE THE OPPORTUNITY TO WORK SIDE-BY-SIDE WITH NASA SCIENTISTS, PILOTS AND ENGINEERS. 83 00:04:56,599 --> 00:05:02,020 THIS YEAR, STUDENTS ARE COLLECTING DATA WITH A SUITE OF INSTRUMENTS USED BY THE RECENTLY 84 00:05:02,020 --> 00:05:05,310 COMPLETED KOREA U.S. AIR QUALITY MISSION, OR KORUS-AQ. 85 00:05:05,310 --> 00:05:09,419 STUDENTS HELP OPERATE SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS IN-FLIGHT IN CONDITIONS NOT TYPICALLY FLOWN 86 00:05:09,419 --> 00:05:11,389 ON COMMERCIAL AIRCRAFT. 87 00:05:11,389 --> 00:05:15,620 STUDENTS ALSO COLLECT DATA AT GROUND SITES IN CALIFORNIA, AND ALONG THE COAST. 88 00:05:15,620 --> 00:05:20,050 IN ADDITION TO THE DC-8, STUDENTS WILL ALSO USE AIRBORNE IMAGING DATA COLLECTED FROM THE 89 00:05:20,050 --> 00:05:23,150 NASA ER-2 HIGH ALTITUDE RESEARCH AIRCRAFT. 90 00:05:23,150 --> 00:05:27,660 BY THE CONCLUSION OF THE PROGRAM, EACH STUDENT DEVELOPS AN INDIVIDUAL RESEARCH PROJECT FROM 91 00:05:27,660 --> 00:05:31,819 DATA COLLECTED IN THE AIR, ON THE GROUND, AND FROM SATELLITES. 92 00:05:31,819 --> 00:05:36,370 THE GOAL OF SARP IS TO TRAIN THE NEXT GENERATION OF EARTH SYSTEM SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS. 93 00:05:36,370 --> 00:05:40,810 MANY SARP ALUMNI HAVE GONE ON TO PARTICIPATE IN OTHER NASA AIRBORNE RESEARCH MISSIONS. 94 00:05:40,810 --> 00:05:43,490 AND SOME HAVE EVEN COME BACK TO SARP AS MENTORS. 95 00:05:43,490 --> 00:05:47,430 THE STUDENT AIRBORNE RESEARCH PROGRAM WRAPS UP IN IRVINE, CALIFORNIA IN AUGUST. 96 00:05:47,430 --> 00:05:51,760 BUT FOR MANY OF THESE STUDENTS, THIS EXPERIENCE COULD LAUNCH THEIR CAREERS IN EARTH SYSTEM 97 00:05:51,760 --> 00:05:52,760 SCIENCE. 98 00:05:52,760 --> 00:05:54,410 [MUSIC] ONE OF THE CHALLENGES IN BECOMING AN EARTH 99 00:05:54,410 --> 00:05:58,690 SCIENTIST IS THAT IT’S NOT A CAREER OPPORTUNITY THAT A LOT OF PEOPLE EVEN KNOW IS OUT THERE. 100 00:05:58,690 --> 00:06:01,870 SO WE RUN PROGRAMS LIKE SARP TO GET YOUNG PEOPLE ENGAGED. 101 00:06:01,870 --> 00:06:04,050 EDUCATION IS IMPORTANT, AND SO IS FIELD RESEARCH. 102 00:06:04,050 --> 00:06:08,490 BUT GET OUT IN THE FIELD, AND BE A PART OF A RESEARCH TEAM YOU HAVE TO HAVE ADAPTATION 103 00:06:08,490 --> 00:06:12,560 SKILLS AND YOU HAVE TO KNOW HOW ASK FOR HELP IN THOSE DIFFICULT SITUATIONS. 104 00:06:12,560 --> 00:06:17,419 AND SOMETIMES IN AN AIRBORNE MISSION, YOU MAY FIND YOURSELF WITHOUT AN AIRPLANE… 105 00:06:17,419 --> 00:06:20,100 EVERY YEAR YOU START OUT WITH ZERO. 106 00:06:20,100 --> 00:06:24,009 ZERO MILES FLOWN, ZERO DATA COLLECTED. 107 00:06:24,009 --> 00:06:29,199 THIS YEAR, ICEBRIDGE STARTED OUT WITH YET ANOTHER BIG ZERO THERE WERE NO AIRCRAFT AVAILABLE 108 00:06:29,199 --> 00:06:35,349 FOR THE MISSION, AS NASA’S DECADES-OLD P-3 WAS GETTING RE-WINGED. 109 00:06:35,349 --> 00:06:38,330 SO THE TEAM TURNED TO THEIR FRIENDS AT NOAA FOR HELP. 110 00:06:38,330 --> 00:06:43,759 AND THEY GOT … MISS PIGGY, ANOTHER P-3 AIRCRAFT AND A VETERAN 111 00:06:43,759 --> 00:06:50,689 OF 88 HURRICANE MISSIONS FROM FLOYD TO FRANCES TO KATRINA, OPERATED BY A CRACK FLIGHT CREW 112 00:06:50,689 --> 00:06:56,819 READY TO TACKLE THE FAR FROZEN NORTH FOR THE FIRST TIME. 113 00:06:56,819 --> 00:07:02,349 AFTER INSTALLING ICEBRIDGE’S MANY INSTRUMENTS INTO THE AIRCRAFT, PERFORMING NEEDED MAINTENANCE, 114 00:07:02,349 --> 00:07:09,449 AND FLYING A FEW TEST FLIGHTS OVER TAMPA BAY, THE ICEBRIDGE TEAM WAS FINALLY READY TO GO. 115 00:07:09,449 --> 00:07:14,270 THE TEAM’S FIRST TARGET WAS TO TAKE MEASUREMENTS OF SEA ICE IN THE ARCTIC OCEAN, AND AFTER 116 00:07:14,270 --> 00:07:20,000 A FEW WEEKS, ICEBRIDGE HAD ACHIEVED SOLID COVERAGE OF THE WESTERN ARCTIC BASIN, AND 117 00:07:20,000 --> 00:07:25,560 ON ONE MISSION, EVEN GRAZED THE NORTH POLE ITSELF, COMING WITHIN 200 METERS OF THE TOP 118 00:07:25,560 --> 00:07:28,400 OF THE WORLD. 119 00:07:28,400 --> 00:07:32,379 FROM THERE, THE MISSION CHANGED ITS FOCUS TO NORTHERN LAND ICE, AND AFTER 120 00:07:32,379 --> 00:07:37,910 WAITING DAYS FOR THE FOG TO LIFT, FINALLY MANAGED TO HIT A CRUCIAL TARGET – THE ZACHARIAE 121 00:07:37,910 --> 00:07:39,520 ISSTROM. 122 00:07:39,520 --> 00:07:46,570 THIS MASSIVE GLACIER DRAINS 5% OF THE GREENLAND ICE SHEET, AND IN 2012, ENTERED INTO A PHASE 123 00:07:46,570 --> 00:07:51,490 OF RAPID RETREAT, MAKING REPEAT MEASUREMENTS ALL THE MORE CRUCIAL. 124 00:07:51,490 --> 00:07:52,699 [MUSIC] 125 00:07:52,699 --> 00:07:55,280 PLANES IN THE AIR AND CORAL IN THE SEA. 126 00:07:55,280 --> 00:07:58,750 GLACIERS IN THE OCEAN AND AEROSOLS IN THE AIR. 127 00:07:58,750 --> 00:08:00,789 SATELLITES AND DIVERS. 128 00:08:00,789 --> 00:08:05,379 SCUBA DIVERS AND FIRE FIGHTERS. 129 00:08:05,379 --> 00:08:09,289 ANCIENT MAPS AND MODERN MARVELS. 130 00:08:09,289 --> 00:08:12,110 YOU’RE WINNING THIS IS REALLY HARD. 131 00:08:12,110 --> 00:08:13,110 [LAUGHTER] 132 00:08:13,110 --> 00:08:14,870 IT WAS YOUR IDEA TO HAVE THE MAPS. 133 00:08:14,870 --> 00:08:20,349 IT WAS MY IDEA TO HAVE THE MAPS. 134 00:08:20,349 --> 00:08:32,219 ANYWAY YOUR PLANET IS CHANGING, AND WE’RE ON IT 135 00:08:32,219 --> 00:08:34,490 KICK IT DJ 136 00:08:34,490 --> 00:08:35,490 [MUSIC] 137 00:08:35,490 --> 00:08:42,349 YEAH I GOT YOU, I GOT YOU YEAH AND I LETS DO ALLITERATIONS IT’LL BE A FUN GAME.